AI is transforming healthcare by improving diagnoses, therapy and care of patients. However, AI is susceptible to bias through unbalanced training datasets, algorithmic flaws and healthcare system inequities. The bias can translate into unequal healthcare decisions that disproportionately affect marginalized groups of people. To address this, diverse, well-curated datasets and bias-detecting training processes like debiasing through adversarial processes are needed. Explainable AI models and ongoing fairness audits ensure accountability of these processes. Ethical guidelines need to ensure protection of patient confidentiality and informed consent. If left unchecked, AI bias can perpetuate healthcare inequities instead of resolving them. By combining engineering solutions with ethical oversight, medical professionals can create fairer AI-driven tools that benefit all patients. This article explores the challenges of bias in medical AI and strategies to make these technologies more equitable for diverse populations.

This narrative review synthesizes existing literature on the mental health of transgender individuals in Iran, identifies critical research gaps and outlines directions for future inquiry. The findings offer valuable insights for clinicians, researchers and policymakers contributing to the development of culturally informed mental health interventions and evidence-based policy initiatives.

Inflammatory diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), are significant concerns to the medical community and the health of societies worldwide. Strategies to reduce the inflammation associated with these diseases are of increased importance given the serious nature of CVD treatments, which are often risky and invasive. Some naturally occurring substances represent an untapped resource for potentially therapeutic compounds that may possess anti-inflammatory characteristics, such as resveratrol, a polyphenol-derived compound found in a variety of fruits. A goal of the study is to mimic an inflammatory response by inducing cell stress using Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) in vascular endothelial cells in vitro. The endothelial cells were treated with resveratrol to assess the anti-inflammatory properties of the compound. Resveratrol was shown to reduce cell stress without causing morphological abnormalities. In addition, wound healing, a critical step in the immune response to injury involving inflammation, was modeled using a scratch wound assay. Wound healing was enhanced in vascular endothelial cells. Lastly, we use polymeric biomaterials and a Chandler Loop to model resveratrol’s use in biomaterial rejection, another process highly dependent on inflammation levels. Resveratrol was shown to attenuate biomaterial rejection through significant inhibition (p < 0.01) of inflammatory cell attachment to polymeric biomaterials, including in the physiologically relevant model of a Chandler Loop. Taken together, our results suggest that resveratrol possesses potent anti-inflammatory characteristics in vascular endothelial cells and macrophages. These results take the field a step further in the prospect of using resveratrol for its anti-inflammatory properties and to increase the lifespan of implantable medical devices.

Food insecurity, or the inability to provide enough food for your household, is prevalent across the United States. People who experience food insecurity are more likely to experience many negative outcomes related to their physical health, mental health and school/work performance. In this study, we looked at how college students view food insecurity. We found that those with more exposure to food insecurity (through volunteering, donating or being knowledgeable about general information related to it) tended to hold more positive opinions. We also found that overall college students held positive opinions about food pantry usage by others. A surprising finding was that although they had a positive view on others using a food pantry, they were more hesitant to use it themselves. Knowing these proclivities, we can begin to develop potential interventions in college populations and empower students to obtain the resources they need.

Adolescence is a critical period of development involving changes in various regions of the brain often resulting in the presentation of many mental disorders. Anhedonia, or the loss of pleasure in response to rewards, is a major symptom of depression. Because of the potential relationship between reward processing and depression, it is possible that developmental changes in the reward system may relate to the severity of depressive symptoms across adolescence. While we did not identify a significant relationship between the reward system and depressive symptom development across adolescence, our analyses revealed that increases in average depressive severity was associated with the maturation of one of the brain’s key reward structures. This finding suggests that interactions between reward function and depression are more complicated than initially expected and factors like early life stress may impact both the reward system and depression development.